The Hardware and Software for connecting to the internet
Posted: Saturday, October 16, 2004
by F M Duru
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Connecting to the Internet is not hard as long as you have the required software to help you to connect. Unless you have a cable modem or DSL as we will discuss soon, the only other way to connect is by dialing into your local access provider. Once connected, you will use their computer as a gateway to the Internet.
Web browsers
If you are reading this online you are using a browser. A web browser is a program designed specially to display text and graphics on the screen. What the browser does is read the HTML code embedded on the page and, as any application does, runs whatever the code references. The result is what you see on the display or hear in the speakers. For example, if the HTML code references a form, you will see a form displayed on your monitor. If the code calls for a JavaScript code to be executed, the resulting action will be viewable on the screen to see.
Modem (Modulator/Demodulator) is a device that takes a digital signal from the computer, converts it into an analog signal that the phone line and recognize and transmits the signal through the phone line to another modem that is connected to another computer. The receiving modem then converts the analog signal back to its original digital format then sends it to the computer for processing. Depending on the speed of the modem, the transmission could be fast or slow. Most modems today transmit at speeds of up to 56K or 56Kbps.
ISDN stands for Integrated Services Digital Network. There are two versions of ISDN available. The simplest one is Basic Rate Interface (BRI), which takes advantage of the copper twisted pair wiring that is in homes and offices. Instead of a single analog signal, an ISDN line carries three digital channels: two B (Bearer) channels that can carry any kind of data at 64,000 bps, and a D (or Delta) channel, operating at 16,000 bps, that can carry control signals and serve as a third data channel.
The basic interface between the cable modem and your PC is an Ethernet link. The cable modem plugs into an Ethernet host adapter in your PC. Then you just need to load the drivers to operate the cable modem. One problem with cable modems is with the current wiring of cable systems themselves. They are designed for program distribution, not for two-way communications. The cable itself does not limit the system to distribution, but many cable companies put amplifiers in their systems to allow their signals to reach for miles beyond their offices. All the bandwidth on the coaxial cable running to your home is not yours alone. Why? Because the cable company’s coax operates as a bus. The same signals travel to you and your neighbors. This creates a problem with bandwidth. Divide the bandwidth by the number of subscribers and you have little bandwidth available to them. To combat this, cable companies slice up the entire system into sub-units.
Called digital subscriber line, is a very high-speed connection that uses the same wires as a regular telephone line.
Advantages of DSL include:
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You don’t have to shut down your Internet connection to talk on the phone.
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The speed taps off at 1.5 Mbps vs. 56 Kbps for a regular modem.
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DSL doesn't require new wiring it can use the phone line you already have.
The disadvantages include:
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Your connection is better when you are closer to the provider's central office.
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The connection is faster for receiving data than it is for sending data.
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You can’t get the service everywhere.
Most homes and small business users use what is called asymmetric DSL (ADSL). ADSL divides up the available frequencies in a line based on the fact users do more downloading than uploading. The two pieces of equipment includes: for the customer, a DSL transceiver, for the service provider, a DSL Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) to receive customer connections.
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